Lawmakers lowered the goal.
The legislature’s own 2016 analysis projected a funding target 8.4% lower under the new rules. Reaching a smaller goal changes what “full” means. Read the fiscal note ↗
MISSOURI SCHOOL FUNDING · EXPLAINED SIMPLY
Lawmakers lowered the funding goal in 2016. And inflation means school dollars can buy less—even when the formula is called “fully funded.”
Find your district ↓What changed?TWO REASONS THE LABEL CAN MISLEAD
The legislature’s own 2016 analysis projected a funding target 8.4% lower under the new rules. Reaching a smaller goal changes what “full” means. Read the fiscal note ↗
Prices rose 34.1% from 2016 to 2025. So a bigger check can still buy less. Our district comparisons account for that inflation. Check the inflation data ↗
These comparisons cover state formula aid—not all school funding. Changes in enrollment and other rules also matter; the figures do not measure the 2016 law’s effect alone.
Both goals in 2025 dollars
$747 lower in 2025 dollars · an 8.4% reduction
CHECK THE EVIDENCE
Read the original records. Open the details if you want to dig deeper.
The main comparison uses actual payments, adjusted for inflation. We multiply each district’s FY2016 payment by 321.943 ÷ 240.007 (about 1.3414). We compare that amount with the recorded FY2026 payment, using 2025 prices as an approximation. Percentage change = (FY2026 payment ÷ inflation-adjusted FY2016 payment − 1) × 100. The dollar gap measures how far above or below its 2016 buying power the district is. This is total aid, not aid per student.
The optional estimate is an inflation-based scenario, not an exact reconstruction of the uncapped law. The $6,810 old goal was a projection for FY2017 in the 2016 fiscal note. We carry that goal forward using annual-average U.S. inflation from 2017 to 2025, the latest published annual index. That produces a benchmark of about $8,944, expressed in 2025 prices.
We apply that benchmark to the district’s actual FY2026 weighted student count and regional cost adjustment, using DESE’s local-effort and hold-harmless inputs. We compare it with the FY2026 paid target of $6,958.19, holding other payment adjustments fixed. We assume the legislature provides enough money to pay the higher amount.
The difference includes assumptions about inflation and appropriations. It does not isolate the 2016 law’s effect, reconstruct subsequent uncapped targets, or estimate cumulative losses. Student counts, need thresholds, local effort, future legislative decisions and district behavior could have evolved differently.
For federal-land districts, we combine separately reported actual payments but do not offer the alternative estimate. Missing records are shown as unavailable. This selector covers the site’s 516 geographic districts, excluding the state’s two separate special school districts. There are 515 complete payment comparisons and 512 alternative estimates.
The approximate buying-power comparison expresses FY2016 aid in 2025 prices using calendar-year CPI averages. It does not adjust for changes in enrollment or student needs. Formula aid excludes Prop C, transportation, small-school grants, other state payments, local revenue, and federal grants.
DESE payment records [13] · DESE calculation inputs [14] · Inflation data [15] · Download all district comparisons
Introduced the student-needs formula and its original restriction. See §163.011(3), (18) and §163.031.
Read the final bill ↗ Senate summary ↗The Senate’s official legislative summary describes the removal effective July 1, 2010. Printed page 28.
Read the official summary ↗Printed page 2, lines 37–50: the capped calculation. Page 7, lines 219–222: the new floor for the target. The bill record documents the veto override.
Read the final bill ↗ Bill history and veto override ↗Legislative Research Oversight fiscal note, page 4. Provides the $6,810 and $6,241 targets and distinguishes the reduced goal from immediate payment reductions.
Read the fiscal note ↗Printed pages 9–10 discuss the cap and declining real value of the target. The audit separately found overall state education funding kept pace with inflation during its study period.
Read the State Auditor’s report ↗Subsection (3) defines the expenditure calculation; (18) defines the target and its recalculation. The statute also defines student weights.
Read the current definitions ↗Subsection 1 provides the payment calculation. Subsection 2 addresses hold-harmless payments; subsection 7 addresses insufficient appropriations.
Read the distribution statute ↗FY2025 budget presentation, slide 3: $6,375 unchanged since FY2020, followed by $6,760 in FY2025 and $7,145 in FY2026.
Read the DESE presentation ↗Annual-average CPI-U, all items, U.S. city average. $6,375 × (313.689 ÷ 258.811) = $7,726.75. Real change: (258.811 ÷ 313.689 − 1) × 100 = −17.49%.
Check the CPI series ↗ How constant dollars work ↗The weighted attendance calculation begins incorporating weighted enrollment in FY2026 and reaches a 50/50 blend in FY2030.
Read the legislation and summary ↗See “Basic Formula” and “Commentary on Calculated SAT vs. Funded SAT.” These current-year figures are explained in the optional background section.
Read the finance memo ↗ DESE’s memo archive ↗DESE’s September 2026 meeting recap documents the flat formula request and the approximately $270 million gap.
Read the meeting recap ↗Hold Harmless Districts for 2006–07 to 2025–26, Sheet1: June payment rows, ANNUAL_TOTAL_PAYMENT or the numeric PRORATED_ANNUAL_TOTAL_PAYMENT. The payment includes the Classroom Trust Fund. Districts are matched by DESE code.
Download the official payment history ↗The projection workbook supplies FY2026 DVM, Local Effort 2026, historical hold-harmless inputs, and the FY2026 paid SAT on Formula Calculation, cell F8. Our alternative holds the other FY2026 conditions fixed; it is not a DESE forecast.
Open the official projection tool ↗Annual-average CPI-U: 2016 = 240.007; 2017 = 245.120; 2025 = 321.943. Alternative benchmark: $6,810 × 321.943 ÷ 245.120 = $8,944.32. No complete annual 2026 CPI is assumed.
Check annual inflation indexes ↗This explanation was researched October 24, 2026. Historical projections are labeled as projections. The inflation comparison uses calendar-year CPI averages for fiscal-year target amounts. Current-year estimates may change as revenue and student counts change. No district’s full budget or educational adequacy is inferred from the target alone.
All main historical money comparisons use 2025 prices. For FY2016 payments, we multiply by 321.943 ÷ 240.007. For the projected FY2017 goals, we multiply by 321.943 ÷ 245.120. The 8.4% change is ($6,810 − $6,241) ÷ $6,810 and is unchanged when both goals use the same inflation adjustment. The 447/68 counts compare each district’s recorded FY2026 aid with its inflation-adjusted FY2016 aid; they include districts with federal-land or virtual-program notes. The district selector distinguishes recorded payments from a modeled, inflation-indexed alternative. It does not claim to reconstruct what the uncapped statute would have paid today.
Schools receive local, state, and federal money. Our district comparison tracks one important part: state foundation-formula aid, including the Classroom Trust Fund. A district’s overall budget can move differently.
A diagram of funding sources, not their relative shares. Source 5
Think of it as a starting dollar amount in the formula. The state adjusts the calculation for student counts and needs, regional costs, and specified local resources. It is not an amount every school receives for every student. [7]
The 2016 restriction was a return to an earlier cap. That history matters when comparing today’s promise with past promises.
Missouri adopted a student-needs formula to replace its tax-rate-driven system. The original calculation included a 5% restriction on qualifying state-funding increases used in the target calculation. Implementation began in FY2007. [1]
SB291 removed the 5% limit beginning July 2010. The calculation could recognize more growth. [2]
SBs586 and 651 restored it and reset the target’s protection against decreases around FY2017–18. The legislature overrode Governor Nixon’s veto. [3]
The State Auditor later identified FY2018–20 as fully funded, while also documenting the reduced target and its loss of purchasing power. [5]
SB727 added enrollment to the attendance-based student count, phased in from FY2026. Funding requirements can change even when the dollar target stays flat. [10]
It limits certain state-funding increases counted when updating the formula’s expenditure measure. It is a restriction within the target calculation, per recalculation—not a simple annual 5% cap on every school district’s total budget.
The law’s special expenditure definition begins with FY2004 data and adds qualifying later state-funding increases. It is not simply a fresh count of every cost schools face today. Read §163.011(3) and (18). [6]
Even without a change in the law, a flat dollar target loses buying power when prices rise.
The target stayed the same. Prices did not.
This is one example of inflation at work, covering FY2020–24. Later increases do not change that earlier loss. For the change since 2016 in your district’s payments, use the selector above. [8]
Our district charts end with FY2026—the completed 2025–26 school year. We compare its payments with 2016 after adjusting for inflation. FY2027 is still in progress, so its final payments and full-year prices are not yet known.
2025 prices are our common measuring stick. We increase the 2016 amount by 34.1% to reflect rising consumer prices. Then we compare that with the completed FY2026 payment, using 2025 prices as an approximation. We do not present an incomplete 2026 inflation figure as a full-year result. [15]
These are same-year budget figures, not an inflation-adjusted trend. DESE’s October 20, 2026 memo lists the FY2027 calculated target at $7,145 and the initial payment target at $6,750. It said about $190.6 million more was needed for full funding and estimated the paid target could reach roughly $6,900 if revenue meets projections. Final payments may change. [11]
For FY2028, the State Board requested the same formula appropriation. DESE described the request as about $270 million below full funding. This is a request, not an enacted FY2028 budget. [12]
Put both years into the same price year. More dollars can still mean less money for the same goods and services.
Our comparison covers state formula aid. Local taxes, federal aid, and other state payments may tell a different story.
Student counts, student needs, and funding rules affect district totals. A change in buying power alone does not tell us its cause or the amount per student.
447 of 515 districts had less buying power in their state formula aid than in 2016; 68 had more. That is a comparison of total payments after inflation, not proof of the 2016 law’s effect. Missouri also lowered its projected funding goal in 2016. The optional old-goal estimate is a separate illustration, not a measured loss caused by that law.